The Saint Catherine of Alexandria died a martyr's death at the beginning of IV century as she refused to follow the order of ceasar Maxentius - namely to make sacrifice to pagan gods. The work in question depicts her with a wheel at her feet and a tawsing column, which refer to her death as a martyr. Paintings of Saint Catherine of Alexandria and Saint Barbara (also located in the church in Krzeszów) were painted by Józef Ignacy Maultz from Żywiec (1824-1878).
Maria Działo, "St. Catherine of Alexandria", [in:] "The Sacred Lesser Poland Heritage", 2024, source: https://sdm.upjp2.edu.pl/en/works/st-catherine-of-alexandria-3