The statue of St. Paul was created in the second half of the 18th century by an anonymous helper of Antoni Gegenbaur. Saint Paul was originally named Saul and was a zealous persecutor of Christians until his conversion. Then he took the name Paul and began his apostolic activity. He suffered a martyr's death by decapitation with a sword, which is why it is his attribute.
Paulina Kluz, "St. Paul ", [in:] "The Sacred Lesser Poland Heritage", 2024, source: https://sdm.upjp2.edu.pl/en/works/st-paul-13